Secondary referencing – citing an author cited by another… in the Cranfield Author-date style

So, you’re doing some research and you come across a really great quotation. You want to use it in your own text but there’s a problem. The quotation is not from the author of your article, but rather from another author who is cited within your article. So what do you do?

If possible, the best thing you can do is to find and read the original source to make sure you understand the context of the extract, in which case, you would then reference the original source.  But if this is not an option?  Fear not! This is an easy one. It’s known as secondary referencing. You are going to cite something that has already been cited in one of your references!

The way to do this in the Author-date style is to use the phrase “cited in” within your in-text citation. So to use an idea from Richard Branson which was cited by Burns, you could write…

Branson highlights the essential role played by fun in the success of his commercial ventures (1998, cited in Burns, 2013).

or, if you wanted to quote Branson directly…

“Fun is at the core of the way I like to do business and has informed everything I’ve done from the outset. More than any other element fun is the secret of Virgin’s success” (Branson, 1998, cited in Burns, 2013, p. 41).

Then…

At the end of your document, your bibliography or reference list will include only the sources that you read directly, so your reference would be for Burns (2013) and would read as follows…

Burns, P. (2013) Corporate entrepreneurship: Innovation and strategy in large organizations. 3rd edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

As always, if you have any questions about referencing or citations, please contact MIRC or the Kings Norton Library.

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