How do I reference interviews, surveys and questionnaires… in the APA7 style?
05/09/2023
During your studies you might be required to gather information using surveys, questionnaires, or interviews. When it comes to using the results in your work, how do you reference them? The short answer, in APA7, is that there is no bibliographic reference for this form of research!
That does not mean that you do not need to credit your source at all. To present findings from a survey or interview, you should anonymise your participants – for example, Participant A stated that: […]. Or, you might quote figures – 70% of all respondents described their experience as […]. Your original survey, and responses if anonymised, can be added to your assignment as an appendix.
There is no requirement in APA7 for a bibliographic (full) reference.
Please be aware that the guidance for surveys, questionnaires and interviews is designed to cover research with multiple participants. If you have interviewed or corresponded by email with one or two people, and wish to use their personal views in your work, you can cite this using the guidance for personal communication.
If you need any further guidance, please contact us or visit us in SOM Library.
Featured Image by Andreas Breitling from Pixabay.
Categories & Tags:
Leave a comment on this post:
You might also like…
What opportunities are offered by vehicle connectivity and automation on highway?
Over the past decade, the number of road vehicles connected with the outside world has been growing rapidly, in response to the need for real-time navigation data, the introduction of eCall requirements, the practicality ...
Download the Library app!
You can use it to: Check what we have in our print collection (and a selection of our eBooks too!) Borrow items directly with the app instead of using a self-service machine* Reserve and renew ...
Why I chose Cranfield
After completing an undergraduate degree in Internet of Things Engineering, Zhen Sun was working with Siemens and looking for an area to give his focus to. He seized the opportunity to upgrade his skillset ...
Bloomberg basics
Accessible in SOM Library from 12 dedicated terminals, Bloomberg provides access to the real world of finance through the same platform as used by the world’s leading banks, corporations and government agencies. Bloomberg provides real-time ...
Five tips to help you start your Cranfield journey
Starting your postgraduate study journey can be a roller coaster of emotions; as exciting as it is nerve wracking. While there’s lots to look forward to, it’s also normal to be apprehensive of what ...
How do I reference… YouTube, TikTok and other audio-visual material in the APA7 style?
Have you ever wondered how to include a reference to audio-visual material such as a video posted on YouTube or TikTok? If you have, you're in the right place! Referencing audio-visual material is as straightforward ...